HRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

HRM - Essay Example Performance ranking is a performance appraisal technique that is utilized to assess worker performance as of most excellent to most horrible. Executive will evaluate a worker to a different worker, somewhat than evaluating each person to a typical capacity (Ngo, 2010). 6. Management by Objectives (MBO) method MBO is a method in which executives / staff sets aims for the worker, occasionally assess the performance, as well as recompense according to the end result. MBO pays concentration on what have to be achieved (objectives) somewhat than how it is to be achieved (techniques) (Ngo, 2010) 9. 360 degree performance appraisal 360 Degree Feedback is a structure or procedure in which workers get secret, anonymous response as of the people who work just about them. This place also includes details associated with appraisal techniques such as 180, 540, 620 (Ngo, 2010) 1. What are main stages in the recruitment and selection process as suggested by the CIPD? The recruitment process engages operation throughout a sequence of stages: (CIPD, 2010) †¢ Describing the responsibility †¢ Getting attention of applications †¢ Administering the application and selection procedure †¢ Formulating the appointment The successful recruitment is essential and critical to the everyday performance of several organizations. Recruitment is not simply done to realize existing requirements. Recruiters should always be aware of and refer to future plans that have implications for organizational resourcing.

Drug trafficking Essay Example for Free

Drug trafficking Essay What do you think the crime that occurs the most in the world is? Is it gang related activity? Prostitution maybe? The answer to this question is drugs and drug trafficking. If we make drug legal, will drug trafficking stop? In this essay I will talk about the perspectives of countries on drug trafficking. Firstly, what is drug trafficking? Drug trafficking is the production and distribution of drugs around the world through specific routes. The drugs commonly traded are cocaine, heroin, opium and marijuana. Even though drug trafficking is illegal in lots of countries, people still do it for the same reason, the need for money. The job is also quite easy so it’s easy money, and it’s also very profitable, but they face a lot of danger getting caught and put into prison. The consequences vary but the punishment will be severe enough to discourage the seller from selling drugs. Drugs’ trafficking is already highly illegal by itself, but this crime also relates to many other crimes such as murder, assault and kidnapping. Drug trafficking is punished much more strictly. The first country that is famous for drug trafficking is Afghanistan, famous for its opium. More than 90% of the world’s opium is produced in Afghanistan. This type of drug is commonly traded in the â€Å"Golden Crescent†, the name given to the area of opium production covering three countries, Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan. The reason why opium trades in Afghanistan is because 70% of Afghanistan’s government is involved in opium trafficking. More than a dozen governors are part of the process of opium’s production and distribution.(April 3, 2009,Addiction Blogger, the good drugs guide) The second country which is famous for drugs is Mexico. Famous for its marijuana and methamphetamine. There are 4 major drug cartels in Mexico, the Gulf, Juarez, Tijuana and the biggest one, the Sinaloa drug cartel owned by Joaquin Guzman, the 701th richest man in the world. These 4 areas are the places where cocaine from America and marijuana from Mexico is distributed and traded. 90% of the cocaine that enters U.S.A goes through Mexico. Mexico is also a main supplier of marijuana and meth for the U.S. These cartels are getting more wealthy and powerful every year. There is also a drug war in Mexico, causing thousands of death between rival drug cartels. (April 3, 2009,Addiction Blogger, the good drugs guide) The third and last country that is famous for the drug industry that I’m going to talk about is Bolivia. Bolivia is ranked third for cocaine production, after Peru and Colombia. This country has 28,900 hectares of its land farming cocaine, double what Bolivian law allows. The reason why this is not a worry for the government is because the current president, Evo Morales was the head of the â€Å"Cocaine growers association† before he became the president. Apart from being a top cocaine producer, Bolivia is assuming the role of a major transit point for cocaine shipments from Peru to Brazil. (April 3, 2009,Addiction Blogger, the good drugs guide) Drugs do not have much value alone. If you make them illegal, this gives them a huge â€Å"price support† to drug sellers/traffickers. They make very big profits, and so they need violence and corruption as protection. This is why the gangs are so ruthless. The only way to stop drug trafficking is to legalize it. If drugs are legal, we can tax them. The corrupt banks and companies who do not pay tax and support the drug industry would have to start paying tax. Then we might catch some criminals. The government spends a lot of money to stop trafficking. If it stop they can use these thousands of millions of dollars for social support. Then not so many people will die of overdoses.

The Internet and Plagiarism Essay -- Internet Plagiarism Essays Cheati

The Internet and Plagiarism The World Wide Web is larger than any one person can imagine. There are an infinite amount of links to libraries and other sources of information. There are numerous search engines, such as Yahoo, which make researching really easy. We can find anything that we want on line, because there are no boundaries to our explorations, and there are no laws to stop us. You can find anything from socks to guns. People can even find completed research papers online; they simply copy and paste it to a new document, make a few adjustments, and it is ready to turn in. Un-honest people do this every day, and it has become a common problem among high schools and colleges. This is a serious problem known as plagiarism, which has become easier through Internet access. The Internet has negative and positive effects on plagiarism in today’s society. What makes a person steal another person’s work? What makes a person copy lines from an article, essay, book or an encyclopedia? Plagiarism, what is Plagiarism? How do people know if they have plagiarized? We live in a fast pace world, and a little boost now and then to help us get our job done faster won’t hurt. Truthfully, it can hurt you more than you know! Plagiarism is defined as using someone’s words and ideas without giving proper credit to the author1. It is actually taking credit for a research and thought process that you never attempted. It is pretending to have knowledge of a subject that you don’t have a clue about. Did you know that you could get in trouble for plagiarizing from yourself? It is possible. That old paper that you revised for a new assignment can get you in some deep trouble. Plagiarism has been a problem among high schools and colle... ...s can be caught on the web. The Internet also has great web sites that teach you how to paraphrase a paragraph and, how to avoid plagiarism: http://www.indiana.edu/~wts/wts/plagiarism.html, and, http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_plagiar.html. Not every person that plagiarizes will be caught, but hopefully people will become more aware of the consequences they may face. In our present society, people are effected daily by plagiarism from online sources. It is an unjust way to get a task completed, and is unfair to the author. Sites that offer easy way outs plague the Internet, and they are infecting students of all ages. Luckily, sites are being formed to help professors and teachers to stop such acts. There will never be a way to totally control plagiarism but we can only hope that the consequences for plagiarism will keep honest people honest.

Millenium Development Goals Essay

The eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) emerged from the United Nations (UN) Millennium Declaration in 2000, and are arguably the most politically important pact ever made for international development. They identify speciï ¬ c development priorities across a very broad range, including poverty, education, gender, health, environment, and international partnerships. These goals have substantially shaped development dialogue and investment; some development agencies judge all their activities on the contribution to achievement of the MDGs. Overall, progress towards the MDGs has been described as â€Å"patchy† and â€Å"uneven†. The broad conclusion is that few goals are entirely on track globally, and those that are show substantial variation, with least progress in Africa and often south Asia. The MDGs comprise a set of eight goals and associated targets and indicators. They represent the latest eï ¬â‚¬ort in a long process of development goal setting which had antecedents in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Development Decade of the 1960s, and the many UN summits of the second half of the 20th century that set speciï ¬ c goals to reduce hunger, improve health, eradicate diseases, and school children. The Millennium Declaration presented six values that were considered to be fundamental to international relations in the 21st century: freedom, equality, solidarity, tolerance, respect for nature, and shared responsibility. Seven key objectives were identiï ¬ ed to translate these shared values into actions: peace, security, and disarmament; development and poverty eradication; protection of our common environment; human rights, democracy, and good governance; protection of vulnerable people; meeting of the special needs of Africa; and strengthening of the UN. The performance of individual MDGs so far suggests that they have made four important positive contributions: encouraging global political consensus, providing a focus for advocacy, improving the targeting and ï ¬â€š ow of aid, and improving the monitoring of development projects. The MDGs are claimed to be â€Å"the ï ¬ rst global development vision that combines a global political endorsement with a clear focus on, and means to engage directly with, the world’s poor people†. There are many challenges posed by the Millenium Development Goals. Set against these positive contributions are several shortcomings that emerge consistently across the analysis of individual MDGs. Characteristically, most of these weaknesses present themselves as the ï ¬â€šip side of the MDGs’ more positive elements. Thus, the Millenium Development Goals, which has probably facilitated their acceptance and use, makes them at the same time limited in scope, whereas their quantitative targets and precise indicators often fail to capture some crucial elements of goal achievement. We have to accept that all goal setting involves such trade-offs. However, the value of focusing on shortcomings of the MDGs lies in our potential to improve them, or replace them with something better. Ineï ¬â‚¬ective MDGs pose two risks: they might not achieve their intended eï ¬â‚¬ect, and they could lead to negative eï ¬â‚¬ects by ignoring or impeding more eï ¬â‚¬ective development and poverty reduction. There are many problems with the goals set by UN. The MDGs represent a subset of a broader development vision expressed in the Millennium Declaration. Goals were never developed for several key objectives of the Declaration, including peace, security and disarmament, and human rights. The elements taken into the MDGs were in fact the speciï ¬ c targets associated with only one objective of the Declaration, that of development and poverty eradication. Some of these goals, being themselves derived from speciï ¬ c targets, were very narrow in conception: education goals focused mainly on primary education, whereas health goals focused only on three aspects of health associated with maternal mortality, child mortality, and speciï ¬ c diseases.

Memory †The mysterious phenomenon

Memory, a phenomenon which has been bewildering scientists and philosophers is san entity that needs to be analyzed very carefully for finding out the truth behind it. Going deep in to the subject, memory comes under a prominent branch of neuroscience called the cognitive neuroscience. The basic factors that lead to the phenomenon of memory are reception of information, processing, storage and recollection. There are various factors that affect each of these processes. Based on this memory is broadly classified in to three heads. They are: 1) long-term memory 2) short-term memory and 3) sensory memory Long-term memory Long term memory refers to those memories that are stored in the brain for a considerably prolonged period of time with out any loss. Here when an idea is stored in long-term memory, the information is stored in a semantically encoded format. As a result of this it is easier for us to remember a telephone number by virtue of repeating the same but it is difficult to memorize a random ten digit number. For the later case the encoding format is acoustic and hence the information is stored in short-term memory. Baddeley, the great researcher on human memory has found out that when given a test to recollect words uttered was given to a group of respondents the result was that people failed to recall words with same meanings like small, tiny, minute etc.. Short-term memory This is a much more volatile memory that stores information just for a period of several seconds to few minutes with out memorizing it by heart. George A. Miller, held various demonstrations and the conclusion was that the storage capacity of short -term memory was just 7  ± 2 entities (he presented a paper entitled â€Å"The magical number 7 ±2†). In the present day the projected capability of short-term memory is still less. But hen the same group of words or letters, for an example is presented in different order, greater are the chances for recollecting it. For example it is difficult to recollect the string FBIUNOASDFUS But when the same string is presented as below, greater chances re there for anyone to recollect it FBI UNO ASDF US. In the first combination of letters the information was lying stray with no order to memorise, whereas in the second one, they have an opportunity to memorise it as bits which could be identified to something that they know. Short-term memory relies on the phonemes and the acoustic symbols for retaining information. Visual codes are rarely converted to short-term memory. Conrad a renowned researcher on human memory found out that the subjects of his experiments had difficulty in identifying and recollecting acoustically confusing phonemes and words like he, ghee, bee, see, etc.. Sensory memory This kind of memory refers to the memory that is retained in the receivers mind for about 200 to 500 milliseconds, once the information is acquired. Hence this is highly volatile and short-life memory. Sensory Memory can be identified as the ability to identify the specific features of an item, let it be a sound or an object by virtue of an observation of the same for a fraction of a second. George Sperling is the pioneer to conduct experiments on Sensory Memory. Respondents were provided with a set of 12 letters, which were made into 3 rows of four each. After completing a small introduction, the candidates were then made to hear either a high, medium or low pitch tone, providing them info regarding which of the rows to report. On the base of this experiments, Sperling demonstrated that the range of sensory memory was about 12 items, but also found that it degenerated at a much more faster pace (it only had the life span of a few milliseconds and hence highly momentary). The main negative part of this kind of memory is that any sort of rehearsals do no not enhance the longevity. What is memory? Present day neuroscience and scientists are with the stream of thought that memory is a group of neural connections which are encoded so as to retrieve for future references. This sort of memory encoding may happen in different parts of the brain. Thus, a network of neural communication is likely to link various parts of the brain. The strength of the memory depends up on the strength of the neural connections. Recollection or calling back of any bit of memory can happen whenever a positive stimulus that trigger the particular part of the networked neural connections. As a result of this, when a part of the brain gets damaged, the neural network present there and obviously the memories associated with the particular neural connections is lost for ever. Why do we forget things? Forgetting can better be explained as an inability to keep memories secure. This is a condition when ideas and images perceived are either lost in full or part. The reasons for forgetting are many. The prominent factors that lead to forgetting include. 1. Poor encoding (this is why we forget dreams that we see while asleep. Encoding refers to converting the sounds, visuals, taste, smell tc. To corresponding chemical / neurological codes); 2. Unavailability of a retrieval mechanism (if there is no proper stimuli to trigger the memory, the information remains dormant); 3. Time factor : when a recent incident happens, the older data are sometimes wiped off from memory (We tend to forget exact dates of our vehicle insurance, when you have some 5 cars and 4 cruisers! ); 4. Continuous similar experiences (You may have memories of the first instance when you visited London, but if you fly London Every year, you many not remember when you landed for the fifth time! ) The Chemistry of memory! The human brain is a highly complicated organ with more than 20 billion nerve cells (neurons), about 150 trillion nerve connecters or synapses; an average of 7500 synapses per neuron within the brain, anyway, some neurons may have as many as 900,000 as well. Due to repair and safety from glial cells that protects the neurons, some nerve cells will be alive till the organism cease to live, however, it is calculated that about 85,000 neurons wear out everyday in the brain. The most prominent doubt regarding memory is the place / location where it is being stored. It was in 1960’s that the theory of Long-Term Potentiation (L. T. P) and it counter theory called opposite Long Term Depression came in to existence as molecularmemory postulates. Long-term potentiation refers to the reinforcement of neuron relations through elevating synaptic ion movements. In all connections of neurons there exists a synapse through which chemical neurotransmitters moves unhindered from the axonates and axons of the transmitting cell to the dendrites of the corresponding receiver cell. Neuro-transmitters like acetylcholine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, serotonin, norepinephrine function in free flow of complex electrical signals between nerve cells, muscle cells and sensory cells. Where as in the mean time, inside the cell, the protein pumps located in the cell membrane and channels frequently retains a constantresting potential of – 70 m V by virtue of moving sodium cations on the outer part of the cell against a specific gradient. Presence of neurotransmitter into a receiver neuron located in the membrane part of a post-synaptic dendrite triggers and starts de-polarization of the specific membrane by the influence of calcium and sodium ions, this again results in the building of voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels to unlock, permitting rapid flow of calcium and sodium ions, this is then followed by the inflow of potassium ions . as a result of this ion flow, depolarization happens once again to + 40 m V. As a result of this continuous process, â€Å"action potential† rapidly happens in the cell membrane to the axon , axonates and the pre-synaptic cleft, thus repeating this each and every time the signal reaches a neuron. Once the action potential has completed, the voltage gated channels close by themselves, and the potassium and sodium pumps makes the cell membrane to return to their original potential. All these happens in milliseconds, thus permitting multiple contradictory signals in swift momentum.. Memory Disorders The branch of Human psychology and neurology is the basis for the diagnosis and treatment of many of the known memory disorders. In general the loss or degeneration of memory is termed as amnesia. Amnesia is of different categories. Analysing it can reveal the various forms of it and helps in the proper treatment as well. Many neuron related conditions like Alzheimer's disease may also result in full or partial memory loss. Hyperthymesia, also called hyperthymesic syndrome, is a serious memory disorder which has adverse effect on retention of personal memory. Some sort of memory loss can be symptom of hypothyroidism a severe medical condition. Increasing oxygen supply to the brain, is considered as one among the foremost techniques to improve memory. This can be achieved by doing exercises like swimming, bicycle riding, gymnastics etc.. Tips to improve memory Many factors to improve memory was furnished by the report published by ‘The International Longevity Center’ in the year 2001 (pages 14-16) The study recommends to stick to the following to improve memory stay intellectually active through learning, training or reading, keep physically active so as to make blood circulation in the brain more active, socialize, reduce stress to the maximum possible extend, observe regular sleep timings, avoid depression or emotional strain and good nutrition.